How to identify origin of words (English, Russian)

 English.

In most cases you can identify that from which language a word came from looking at suffixes.

From latine.

Nouns
-ion	legion, opinion, session, union, etc.
-tion	relation, revolution, starvation, temptation, unification, etc.
Verbs
-ate	appreciate, create, congratulate, etc.
С -ute	attribute, contribute, constitute, distribute, etc.
-ct	act, conduct, collect, connect, etc.
–d(e)	applaud, divide, exclude, include, etc.
dis-	disable, distract, disagree, etc.
Adjectives
-able	detestable, curable, etc.
-ate	accurate, desperate, graduate, etc.
-ant	arrogant, constant, important, etc.
-ent	absent, convenient, decent, evident, etc.
-or	major, minor, junior, senior, etc.
-al	cordial, fraternal, maternal, etc.
-ar	solar, familiar, lunar, etc.

From French

Noun
-ance	arrogance, endurance, hindrance, etc.
–ence	consequence, intelligence, patience, etc.
-ment	appointment, development, experiment, etc.
-age	courage, marriage, passage, village, etc.
-ess	tigress, lioness, actress, etc.
Adjective
-ous	curious, dangerous, serious, etc.
Verb
en-	enable, enfold, enslave, etc.

Russian

Phonetic features:

1. The presence of the initial letter "a": абажур, апрель, алый, армия, аптека. Russian words with the initial "a", except for words formed on the basis of borrowings, are rare. Basically, these are interjections, onomatopoeia, and words formed on their basis: ага, а, аи, ах, ахнуть, ау, аукаться и т. д.

2. The presence of the letter " э " in the root of the word: мэр, алоэ, эмоции, фаэтон. Russian words contain the letter "э" in words of interjective and pronominal character-эй, эх, этот, поэтому, as well as in words formed in the Russian language on the basis of loanwords (энный, энский, эсер).

3. The presence of the letter " ф" in the word: графин, скафандр, февраль. The exceptions are interjections, onomatopoeia-фу, уф, фи, as well as the word филин.

4. The presence of combinations of two or more vowels in the roots of words: диета, дуэль, ореол, поэма, караул.

5. The presence of combinations of consonants «кд», «кз», «гб», «кг» in the roots of words: анекдот, вокзал, шлагбаум, пакгауз.

6. The presence of combinations of "ге», «ке», «хе» in the root: легенда, кеды, трахея.  In Russian words, such combinations usually occur at the junction of the base and the end: по дороге, к снохе, в песке.

7. The presence of the combination "бю», «вю», «кю», «мю» in the roots of the words: бюро, гравюра, кювет, коммюнике.

8. The presence of double consonants in the roots of words: вилла, прогресс, профессия, сессия, ванна. In native Russian words, double consonants occur only at the junction of morphemes.

9. Pronunciation of a solid consonant sound before the vowel [э] (the letter "e"): модель [дэ], тест [тэ].

10. The initial " э " is distinguished mainly by Grecisms and Latinisms: эпоха, эра, этика, экзамен, экзекуция, эффект, этаж.

Morphological signs:

1.Noun-declination of nouns by case: кофе, жюри, депо, колибри, кенгуру.

2.Morphological non-expression of the number and gender of nouns: пальто, такси.

Word-forming features:

1.Foreign language prefixes: интервал, дедукция, индивидуализм, регресс, архимандрит, контрадмирал, антихрист.

2.Foreign language suffixes: деканат, студент, техникум, редактор, литература, пролетариат, популизм, социалист, полемизировать и т. д.

3. The presence of some roots of the type :аква-, марин-, гео-, графо- и т.д.: аквариум, маринист, геодезист.